Introduction. I. Purpose of the Book. II. Acknowledgements. 1: The Community Legal Order. I. Concept. II. Sources. III. Incorporation in the National Legal Order. IV. Community Pre-Emption. 2: Application of Community Law by National Courts. I. Task of National Courts. II. The Cooperation Between the Court of Justice and the National Courts - The Preliminary Ruling Procedure. 3: Judicial Protection Against Acts of Institutions. I. The Need for Judicial Protection. II. Judicial Review of Community Acts. III. Actions Against the Institutions in which the Court Exercises Unlimited Jurisdiction. IV. Arbitration Clauses. V. Litigation in the Field of Industrial and Commercial Property. 4: Judicial Protection Against Acts of Member States. I. The Need for Judicial Protection. II. Review Initiated by the Commission. III. Review Initiated by Other Member States. IV. Review Initiated by Individuals. 5: Other Tasks of the Court of Justice. I. Non-Judicial Opinions of the Court of Justice. II. Remedies Concerning the European Investment Bank. III. Authorisation to Enforce a Garnishee Order. IV. Depriving a Member of the Court or of the Commission of His Office. V. Specific Powers under the Euratom Treaty. VI. Specific Powers under International Agreements. 6: Structure and Operation of the Court of Justice. I. Composition of the Court of Justice. I. Organization of the Court. Ill. Procedure. 7: The European Court of First Instance. I. Introduction. II. Structure and Organisation of the Court. III. Tasks. IV. Procedure. V. Judicial Panels.