This work offers a unique comparative exploration of the role of tradition in Islam and Christianity. The idea of 'tradition' has enjoyed a variety of senses and definitions in Islam and Christinaity, but both have cleaved at certain times to a supposedly 'golden age' of tradition from the past. In exploring the role of tradition in Islam and Christianity, key themes are explored: The roles of authority, Fundamentalism, The use of reason, Ijtihad (independent thinking), and Original comparisons between Islamic Salafism and Christian Lefebvrism. The author suggests that there has been a chain of thinkers from classical Islam to the twentieth century who share a common interest in ijtihad (or independent thinking). Drawing on past and present evidence, and using Christian tradition as a focus for contrast and comparison, the author highlights the seemingly paradoxical harmony between tradition and itjihad in Islam. The author draws on a variety of primary and secondary sources including contemporary newspaper and journal articles, documents and letters, adding an immediacy to a lucid and stimulating text.