The culture of commerce in England, 1660-1720

Late seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century England - the period between the Restoration and the South Sea Bubble - was dramatically transformed by the massive cost of fighting wars, and, significantly, a huge increase in the re-export trade. This book seeks to ask how commerce was legitimated, promoted ...

Rulers and ruled in frontier Catalonia, 880-1010

pathways of power

A frontier both between Christianity and Islam and between Francia and the Iberian Peninsula, the region that later became Catalonia was at the heart of the demographic and cultural expansion of the Carolingian empire between the ninth and twelfth centuries. Through the use of charters ...