Economics cannot be considered a technical science. At the theoretical level, at the beginning of every scientific process there is a choice of values; at the factual level, the values also affect the behaviour of people and the functioning of economic systems. The distinctive characteristic of market culture lies in having its line of analysis developed always and only around a single value and a one-dimensional idea of well-being. An idea of society that creates a situation of structural friction with the complexity of what is understood as well-being in a democracy. This friction develops at two interconnected levels: the institutional level and the cultural level. Neoliberalism has accentuated the friction by attributing a social value to the choices of the big corporations. While, in fact, fruitful dialogue is possible between the way of organising the society of the market and of democracy, any dialogue becomes difficult in a market in which the pursuit of competitiveness can only lead to an increasing concentration of power. The environmental issue brings out all the limitations of the project built around one single value. Protection of the environment is, in fact, the value that cannot be ignored but which market culture cannot take into account if it is to avoid opening up a contradiction within its theoretical line. Neo-reformist project can be brought underway without awareness of certain basics. To begin with, economics is a discipline based on a choice of values, and this choice is important because it concerns the outcomes of the process of division of labour which creates different social groups with contrasting interests and unequal powers. Then, starting out in pursuit of a scientific line based on a set of values, there is the need to forge a way beyond the culture of simplification. Again, we must be aware of the importance of defining collective imaginary with their specific values to propose to society. It is important not only at the ideal level, but also at the theoretical and factual levels. Finally, there is the ethical and political responsibility of the economist.