Is «Bonapartism» still an actual category of political thought? Despite its strict relationship with a particular phase of the European history (marked by Napoleon I and Napoleon III), it seems able to give us, even today, an interesting interpretive perspective of the political tendencies of the new millennium. As a species of the genus «Caesarism», it occurs only in the presence of some special psychological, social and political conditions. In this case, plebiscitary strategies for the conquest of consensus are put in place, trying to create a direct relationship between the people and a «leader». Nevertheless, «Caesarism» and «Bonapartism» cannot be identified on the basis of formal, legal, characteristics: it is only by their substantial connotations that they can be recognized. But the main question that we actually have to face is that of Oswald Spengler’s prophecy of the imminent advent of Bonapartism in the age of the Decline of the West. Some signs seem to suggest that Spengler was right, but the destiny of our political world is still open.