Despite the huge volume of writing on the international Brigades and other volunteers fighting for the Republic, there is little published work on foreign volunteers fighting for Franco. Judith Keene challenges one of the enduring myths of the Franco state: that the Nationalist forces that won the civil war consisted of patriotic Spaniards while the Republic was defended by a rag tag army of foreign 'reds.' During the Spanish civil war, many groups on the European right were galvanized by the nationalist cause. European fascists, conservative Catholics and those uneasy with liberal democracy in general rallied to the figure of Franco who appeared to be holding the line against secularism, modernism and bolshevism. This book recounts the experiences of a number of foreign volunteers, including the brigades of White Russians, Romanians, Irish and the French volunteers in the Jeanne d'Arc battalion, all of whom saw their engagement in Spain as a means of promoting their own political causes at home. The book casts a new light on Nationalist Spain and provides a window on the specific concerns of a wide variety of right wing movements between the wars.