Contents: I. EUROPEAN CITIES WITHIN EUROPEAN SOCIETIES 1. Introduction 2. The Long History of the European City II. A 'HISTORICAL INTERLUDE FOR EUROPEAN CITIES'? 3. The Loosening Grip of the State and the Redistribution of Authority Within the European Union: A New Set of Parameters to Structure Modes of Urban Governance 4. European Cities: A More Diverse but Robust Social Structure Within Eroding National Societies 5. Cities and capitalism: Are European Cities Likely to Dissolve in the Networks of Globalized Capitalism? III. SOCIAL AND POLITICAL ACTORS WITHIN EUROPEAN CITIES AND THE MAKING OF URBAN MODES OF GOVERNANCE 6. Cities as Incomplete Societies: Actors and Regulations 7. Dynamic Mayors and Restructured City Councils 8. Conclusion Bibliography Index