Innovation and employment can be a good marriage. Following on from an analysis of the classical economists, the author challenges the old paradigm of 'innovation means unemployment', which has dominated the economic debate for centuries. Is it possible to promote technological change as well as innovation and employment? At what point do technological change and innovation become labour friendly? These are among the topics examined in detail in the enclosed essays. This book considers a set of EU countries in which the results leave no doubts: innovation and employment can be an engine for an increase in employment, but the most important thing is the building of an adequate ecosystem. In this global era, national systems and the organisation of institutions (such as centres of education, legislation, academia and research) remain critical factors and play an important role in the success and the failure of innovation policy.